Regret Unveiled: A New Perspective on Trauma
For children who have experienced trauma, regret can be particularly intense, as they may grapple with feelings of self-blame, worthlessness, or helplessness, which can be further compounded by the heightened activity in the amygdala, leading to increased anxiety and stress. The manifestation of regret in children who have experienced trauma can take many forms, such as excessive apologizing, self-criticism, withdrawal, or seeking reassurance, as they navigate the challenges of trust and forming healthy relationships while fearing the prospect of causing disappointment or being abandoned.
Decoding the Emotion of Regret
When a child experiences regret, they feel a sense of sorrow, disappointment, or guilt over something they have done or failed to do. This emotion is closely connected to fear, as the child may worry about the consequences of their actions or the potential loss of love, approval, or security. Regret can be particularly intense for children who have experienced trauma, as they may struggle with feelings of self-blame, worthlessness, or helplessness.
In the brain of a child experiencing regret, the amygdala, which is responsible for processing emotions, becomes highly active. This heightened amygdala activity can lead to increased anxiety and stress, as well as difficulty regulating emotions. Additionally, the prefrontal cortex, which is involved in decision-making and impulse control, may be less developed or impaired due to trauma, making it harder for the child to cope with feelings of regret. Children who have experienced trauma may manifest regret through behaviors such as excessive apologizing, self-criticism, withdrawal, or seeking reassurance. They may also struggle with trust and forming healthy relationships, as they fear causing disappointment or being abandoned.
In the brain of a child experiencing regret, the amygdala, which is responsible for processing emotions, becomes highly active. This heightened amygdala activity can lead to increased anxiety and stress, as well as difficulty regulating emotions. Additionally, the prefrontal cortex, which is involved in decision-making and impulse control, may be less developed or impaired due to trauma, making it harder for the child to cope with feelings of regret. Children who have experienced trauma may manifest regret through behaviors such as excessive apologizing, self-criticism, withdrawal, or seeking reassurance. They may also struggle with trust and forming healthy relationships, as they fear causing disappointment or being abandoned.
Navigating Childhood Trauma and Regret
In the context of the Wagon Method, a child from a difficult background who seems to be experiencing regret may be grappling with a complex set of emotions and experiences related to their past trauma. Regret can manifest in various ways, such as self-blame, guilt, shame, or a sense of lost opportunity, and can significantly impact the child's self-esteem, relationships, and overall well-being.
When a child expresses regret, it may indicate that they are beginning to process and make meaning of their traumatic experiences. This can be a challenging and painful process, as the child may be confronting difficult memories, emotions, and beliefs about themselves and their past. They may feel a sense of responsibility or guilt for what happened to them, even though the trauma was not their fault. They may also feel a sense of loss or grief for the childhood they feel they missed out on, or the relationships and opportunities that were disrupted by their traumatic experiences.
At the same time, the expression of regret can also be a sign of growth and healing. It suggests that the child is developing a greater awareness of their own emotions and experiences, and is beginning to make connections between their past and present. They may be starting to recognize patterns of behavior or thought that are no longer serving them, and may be motivated to make positive changes in their lives.
To support a child who is experiencing regret, it is essential for caregivers and advocates to approach the situation with empathy, patience, and understanding. They can help the child to process their emotions in a safe and supportive environment, using age-appropriate strategies such as play therapy, art therapy, or cognitive-behavioral techniques. They can also help the child to reframe their experiences in a more balanced and compassionate way, emphasizing that the trauma was not their fault and that they have the strength and resilience to heal and grow.
Advocates can also support the child by focusing on their strengths, talents, and accomplishments, and by encouraging them to set achievable goals and develop a sense of purpose and meaning in their lives. This may involve connecting the child with positive role models, mentors, or peer support groups who can offer guidance, encouragement, and a sense of belonging.
It is also important for caregivers to recognize that healing from trauma is a gradual and ongoing process, and that setbacks and challenges are a normal part of the journey. They can help the child to develop healthy coping strategies and self-care practices, such as relaxation techniques, physical exercise, or creative expression, to manage stress and regulate their emotions.
From the perspective of the Wagon Method, regret can be seen as a heavy emotional burden that the child may be carrying in their wagon, weighing them down and making the journey more arduous. By providing a safe and supportive environment for the child to process and make meaning of their experiences, advocates can help to lighten this load and create space for growth and healing.
This may involve helping the child to unpack their regret in a gradual and compassionate way, exploring the underlying emotions and beliefs that are fueling these feelings, and developing a more balanced and hopeful perspective on their past and future. With patience, understanding, and support, the child can learn to integrate their experiences in a way that promotes healing and resilience, and can begin to envision a brighter future ahead.
Ultimately, supporting a child who is experiencing regret requires a holistic, collaborative approach that tends to all aspects of their well-being. By addressing their safety needs, providing them with emotional support and guidance, helping them to process and make meaning of their experiences, and connecting them with a nurturing network of support, caregivers and advocates can create an environment that fosters resilience, growth, and healing, even in the face of significant challenges and obstacles.
When a child expresses regret, it may indicate that they are beginning to process and make meaning of their traumatic experiences. This can be a challenging and painful process, as the child may be confronting difficult memories, emotions, and beliefs about themselves and their past. They may feel a sense of responsibility or guilt for what happened to them, even though the trauma was not their fault. They may also feel a sense of loss or grief for the childhood they feel they missed out on, or the relationships and opportunities that were disrupted by their traumatic experiences.
At the same time, the expression of regret can also be a sign of growth and healing. It suggests that the child is developing a greater awareness of their own emotions and experiences, and is beginning to make connections between their past and present. They may be starting to recognize patterns of behavior or thought that are no longer serving them, and may be motivated to make positive changes in their lives.
To support a child who is experiencing regret, it is essential for caregivers and advocates to approach the situation with empathy, patience, and understanding. They can help the child to process their emotions in a safe and supportive environment, using age-appropriate strategies such as play therapy, art therapy, or cognitive-behavioral techniques. They can also help the child to reframe their experiences in a more balanced and compassionate way, emphasizing that the trauma was not their fault and that they have the strength and resilience to heal and grow.
Advocates can also support the child by focusing on their strengths, talents, and accomplishments, and by encouraging them to set achievable goals and develop a sense of purpose and meaning in their lives. This may involve connecting the child with positive role models, mentors, or peer support groups who can offer guidance, encouragement, and a sense of belonging.
It is also important for caregivers to recognize that healing from trauma is a gradual and ongoing process, and that setbacks and challenges are a normal part of the journey. They can help the child to develop healthy coping strategies and self-care practices, such as relaxation techniques, physical exercise, or creative expression, to manage stress and regulate their emotions.
From the perspective of the Wagon Method, regret can be seen as a heavy emotional burden that the child may be carrying in their wagon, weighing them down and making the journey more arduous. By providing a safe and supportive environment for the child to process and make meaning of their experiences, advocates can help to lighten this load and create space for growth and healing.
This may involve helping the child to unpack their regret in a gradual and compassionate way, exploring the underlying emotions and beliefs that are fueling these feelings, and developing a more balanced and hopeful perspective on their past and future. With patience, understanding, and support, the child can learn to integrate their experiences in a way that promotes healing and resilience, and can begin to envision a brighter future ahead.
Ultimately, supporting a child who is experiencing regret requires a holistic, collaborative approach that tends to all aspects of their well-being. By addressing their safety needs, providing them with emotional support and guidance, helping them to process and make meaning of their experiences, and connecting them with a nurturing network of support, caregivers and advocates can create an environment that fosters resilience, growth, and healing, even in the face of significant challenges and obstacles.
List of Services
-
Anxious Anxious children live constantly on high alert, are consumed by a relentless stream of worries and fears that rob them of the carefree joys of childhood. The invisible weight of anxiety bears down upon them, manifesting in physical symptoms that leave them trembling, sweating, and gasping for air. For some of these children, the roots of their anxiety can be traced back to the dark soil of trauma, where painful experiences have left indelible marks on their developing brains, forever altering the way they perceive and respond to the world around them.Anxious
-
Embarrassed Have you ever felt your cheeks burn with self-conscious emotion, wishing you could disappear into thin air? This complex emotion emerges when a child perceives themselves as exposed, whether it's due to a mistake made in front of others, being singled out, or failing to meet social expectations. Embarrassment plays a crucial role in a child's development, helping them navigate the intricate web of social norms and boundaries, but for those who have experienced trauma, this feeling can be amplified to an overwhelming degree.Embarrassed
-
Excluded For children, the pain of exclusion can be particularly acute, as their social connections and sense of belonging are vital pillars in their emotional well-being and overall development. Tragically, for children who have endured trauma, the feeling of exclusion can trigger a heightened stress response in the brain, leading to a cascade of emotional and behavioral challenges that can have far-reaching consequences.Excluded
-
Fearful Fearful children may startle easily, struggle to separate from their caregivers, and avoid situations or objects that they perceive as threatening, leading to significant challenges in their social and emotional development. Understanding the underlying causes of fearfulness, such as traumatic experiences that can alter brain development and heighten the sensitivity of the threat response system, is crucial for providing effective support and interventions to help these children overcome their fears and thrive.Fearful
-
Frightened When a child is frightened, their world is suddenly turned upside down by an overwhelming sense of terror and vulnerability. The physical and emotional responses that accompany this intense fear can be both distressing and all-consuming, leaving the child feeling helpless and desperate for safety. For children who have experienced trauma, the fear response can be even more severe, easily triggered by reminders of past traumatic events. Trauma-informed parenting approaches aim to provide a safe haven for these children, offering understanding, stability, and nurturing support to help them navigate their fears and begin the journey towards emotional healing.Frightened
-
Insecure In the face of life's uncertainties, some children find themselves grappling with an all-consuming sense of insecurity that permeates their very being. This insecurity, a relentless companion, whispers doubts about their worth, abilities, and the stability of their relationships, leaving them in a constant state of unease. The roots of this insecurity often lie in the soil of past traumas, where the fear of abandonment, rejection, or failure has taken hold, casting a shadow over their young lives.Insecure
-
Nervous Nervousness, a close companion of fear, grips children in its unsettling embrace, causing their hearts to race and their minds to wrestle with worries both real and imagined. This uneasy emotion can spring from various sources, from the unfamiliarity of new surroundings to the anticipation of a daunting challenge, leaving children with sweaty palms and a fluttering sensation in their stomachs. For those who have experienced trauma, the amygdala – the brain's emotional processing center – becomes hyperactive, heightening their sensitivity to potential threats and leaving them more susceptible to the clutches of nervousness. Trauma's lingering impact can manifest in heightened anxiety, emotional reactivity, and difficulty regulating emotions, leading children to cope through avoidance or aggression as they navigate the turbulent waters of their nervous feelings.Nervous
-
Panic For children who have experienced trauma, this state of panic can be easily triggered by even the smallest of stressors, as their brain's threat detection system has become hypersensitive due to the lasting impact of their past experiences. Trauma-informed parenting is crucial in helping these children navigate their panic and fear, providing them with a safe haven where they can feel validated, supported, and empowered to develop the coping skills needed to tame their inner demons.Panic
-
Regret For children who have experienced trauma, regret can be particularly intense, as they may grapple with feelings of self-blame, worthlessness, or helplessness, which can be further compounded by the heightened activity in the amygdala, leading to increased anxiety and stress. The manifestation of regret in children who have experienced trauma can take many forms, such as excessive apologizing, self-criticism, withdrawal, or seeking reassurance, as they navigate the challenges of trust and forming healthy relationships while fearing the prospect of causing disappointment or being abandoned.Regret
-
Scared Fear is a powerful emotion that can grip a child's heart and mind, leaving them feeling vulnerable and unsure in the face of perceived danger. When a child is scared, their world suddenly becomes a place filled with shadows and uncertainty, where every unfamiliar sound or sight could potentially harm them. This intense experience is a natural response hardwired into their developing brains, designed to protect them from threats both real and imagined. By understanding the complexities of a child's fear response, we can better support them through these challenging moments and help them build the resilience needed to navigate an often-unpredictable world.Scared
-
Shy Shyness in children is a perplexing phenomenon that can leave parents and caregivers feeling helpless and concerned. These children, often characterized by their reluctance to engage in social situations and their tendency to seek refuge behind familiar faces, are not merely introverted or reserved. Rather, their behavior is rooted in a deep-seated fear of the unknown, a trepidation that can be traced back to the intricate workings of their developing brains. While shyness is a common part of childhood development, it can be amplified by traumatic experiences, leading to a more pronounced and persistent form of social anxiety.Shy
-
Terrified In a world where childhood should be filled with laughter and joy, the reality for some children is a stark contrast, as they find themselves gripped by an all-consuming terror. When a child is terrified, their world becomes a frightening place, where even the most ordinary experiences can trigger an overwhelming sense of fear and distress. This intense emotional state can manifest in a range of physical and emotional responses, from uncontrollable shaking and crying to a desperate need for safety and protection. The impact of terror on a child's developing brain can be profound, leaving lasting imprints that shape their emotional and behavioral well-being for years to come.Terrified
-
Worried When a child is trapped in a cycle of worry, their young mind becomes consumed by a relentless undercurrent of unease and fear. This emotional whirlpool can be especially turbulent for children who have endured the scars of trauma, as their brains have been rewired to perceive threats lurking around every corner. The weight of these worries can manifest in myriad ways, from clinging tightly to caregivers for reassurance to avoiding situations that trigger their deepest fears. Trapped in this storm of anxiety, these children often struggle to find solace, their days haunted by the specter of "what if" scenarios that rob them of the carefree joys of childhood.Worried
-
Disconnected In a world where connection is the foundation of human thriving, the state of disconnection in a child is a haunting reality that demands our attention. When a child feels emotionally distant, detached, and isolated from others, they are often trapped in a vortex of fear, their young minds grappling with the aftershocks of trauma that have shattered their sense of safety and trust. The very essence of their being is torn asunder, as they withdraw from the warmth of social interactions, their hearts yearning for close bonds that seem forever out of reach, and their emotions locked away in a fortress of silence. The echoes of their pain reverberate through their brain, a symphony of hyperactivity in the amygdala and impairment in the hippocampus, manifesting in a kaleidoscope of emotional outbursts, aggression, clinginess, or extreme shyness, a testament to the depth of their struggle to process and cope with the weight of their experiences.Disconnected
Related Fearful
The Story of feeling Regret
Regrets and Redemption: A Frontier Story of Love and Resilience
As the wagon train trudged along the dusty Oregon Trail, young Eliza sat hunched in the back of her family's creaky wagon, her eyes fixed on the passing landscape but her mind lost in a whirlpool of regret. At just ten years old, Eliza had already experienced more hardship and loss than most people could imagine.
Born to a mother who struggled with addiction and a father who was rarely present, Eliza had grown up in a series of foster homes, each one more turbulent than the last. She had learned to keep her head down, to avoid forming attachments, and to never let her guard down. But deep inside, she yearned for the love and stability that always seemed just out of reach.
When the kindly Jensens had taken her in and invited her to join them on their journey west, Eliza had dared to hope that things might be different. Mr. and Mrs. Jensen were patient and understanding, never raising their voices or their hands in anger. They encouraged Eliza to help with chores around the camp, praising her efforts and making her feel valued.
But old habits die hard, and Eliza found herself constantly waiting for the other shoe to drop. One evening, as Mrs. Jensen was preparing dinner over the campfire, Eliza accidentally knocked over a pot of precious drinking water. In a flash, she saw her foster mother's face contort with rage, and she braced herself for the inevitable blow.
But the blow never came. Instead, Mrs. Jensen simply sighed and began cleaning up the spill, assuring Eliza that accidents happen and that it was no big deal. Eliza, however, was consumed by regret. Regret for her clumsiness, for her inability to trust, and for all the missed opportunities in her short life.
As the wagon train pressed on, Eliza withdrew into herself once more. She performed her chores mechanically, rarely speaking unless spoken to. The Jensens tried to draw her out, but she resisted their efforts, convinced that she was unworthy of their kindness.
One day, while the wagon train was stopped for a rest, Eliza wandered away from the camp and found herself in a small meadow, surrounded by wildflowers. She sat down heavily, her small shoulders shaking with silent sobs. All the regret she had been holding inside came pouring out in a flood of tears.
Suddenly, she felt a gentle hand on her shoulder. It was Mrs. Jensen, her eyes full of concern and compassion. "Eliza, sweetheart, what's wrong?" she asked softly.
At first, Eliza couldn't find the words. But as Mrs. Jensen sat down beside her and wrapped an arm around her shoulders, the story came tumbling out. The years of neglect and abuse, the constant fear of abandonment, and the overwhelming regret for all that she had lost.
Mrs. Jensen listened patiently, her heart breaking for the child beside her. When Eliza had finished, Mrs. Jensen hugged her close and whispered fiercely, "Eliza, you have nothing to regret. You are a brave, strong girl who has survived things that no child should ever have to face. And now you have a family who loves you and wants to help you heal."
Eliza clung to Mrs. Jensen, her tears subsiding as a tiny flicker of hope ignited in her chest. It would take time and patience, but with the Jensens' help, perhaps she could learn to let go of her regrets and embrace the promise of a brighter future. Hand in hand, they walked back to the wagon train, ready to face whatever challenges lay ahead, together.
Born to a mother who struggled with addiction and a father who was rarely present, Eliza had grown up in a series of foster homes, each one more turbulent than the last. She had learned to keep her head down, to avoid forming attachments, and to never let her guard down. But deep inside, she yearned for the love and stability that always seemed just out of reach.
When the kindly Jensens had taken her in and invited her to join them on their journey west, Eliza had dared to hope that things might be different. Mr. and Mrs. Jensen were patient and understanding, never raising their voices or their hands in anger. They encouraged Eliza to help with chores around the camp, praising her efforts and making her feel valued.
But old habits die hard, and Eliza found herself constantly waiting for the other shoe to drop. One evening, as Mrs. Jensen was preparing dinner over the campfire, Eliza accidentally knocked over a pot of precious drinking water. In a flash, she saw her foster mother's face contort with rage, and she braced herself for the inevitable blow.
But the blow never came. Instead, Mrs. Jensen simply sighed and began cleaning up the spill, assuring Eliza that accidents happen and that it was no big deal. Eliza, however, was consumed by regret. Regret for her clumsiness, for her inability to trust, and for all the missed opportunities in her short life.
As the wagon train pressed on, Eliza withdrew into herself once more. She performed her chores mechanically, rarely speaking unless spoken to. The Jensens tried to draw her out, but she resisted their efforts, convinced that she was unworthy of their kindness.
One day, while the wagon train was stopped for a rest, Eliza wandered away from the camp and found herself in a small meadow, surrounded by wildflowers. She sat down heavily, her small shoulders shaking with silent sobs. All the regret she had been holding inside came pouring out in a flood of tears.
Suddenly, she felt a gentle hand on her shoulder. It was Mrs. Jensen, her eyes full of concern and compassion. "Eliza, sweetheart, what's wrong?" she asked softly.
At first, Eliza couldn't find the words. But as Mrs. Jensen sat down beside her and wrapped an arm around her shoulders, the story came tumbling out. The years of neglect and abuse, the constant fear of abandonment, and the overwhelming regret for all that she had lost.
Mrs. Jensen listened patiently, her heart breaking for the child beside her. When Eliza had finished, Mrs. Jensen hugged her close and whispered fiercely, "Eliza, you have nothing to regret. You are a brave, strong girl who has survived things that no child should ever have to face. And now you have a family who loves you and wants to help you heal."
Eliza clung to Mrs. Jensen, her tears subsiding as a tiny flicker of hope ignited in her chest. It would take time and patience, but with the Jensens' help, perhaps she could learn to let go of her regrets and embrace the promise of a brighter future. Hand in hand, they walked back to the wagon train, ready to face whatever challenges lay ahead, together.
The Story Explained Through the Wagon Method
How a Child's Regret Shaped Perspective
The story of Eliza's journey along the Oregon Trail provides a poignant example of the complex emotions and challenges that a child from a difficult background may experience, particularly feelings of regret. Through the lens of the Wagon Method, Eliza's story illustrates how regret can manifest as a heavy emotional burden that weighs down a child's wagon, making the journey of healing more arduous.
Eliza's feelings of regret likely stem from a combination of factors related to her traumatic past, including self-blame, guilt, shame, and a sense of lost opportunities. As a child who grew up in a series of turbulent foster homes, Eliza may feel a sense of responsibility or guilt for the traumatic events she experienced, even though the trauma was not her fault. She may also feel a profound sense of loss or grief for the childhood she feels she missed out on, and the relationships and opportunities that were disrupted by her traumatic experiences.
Eliza's tendency to withdraw into herself and resist the Jensens' efforts to connect with her can be seen as a manifestation of her regret and the protective mechanisms she has developed to cope with her traumatic past. By keeping her head down and avoiding attachments, Eliza may be attempting to shield herself from further hurt and disappointment. However, these coping strategies can also hinder her ability to process her emotions, form healthy relationships, and engage fully in the healing process.
Mrs. Jensen's compassionate response to Eliza's emotional outburst in the meadow illustrates the importance of providing a safe, supportive space for children to process their feelings of regret. By listening patiently, validating Eliza's emotions, and offering words of comfort and encouragement, Mrs. Jensen helps to create an environment where Eliza feels seen, heard, and understood. This type of attuned, nurturing care is essential for helping children like Eliza to gradually unpack the heavy burden of regret they carry in their wagon.
As Eliza begins to share her story and process her emotions with Mrs. Jensen's support, she may start to develop a more balanced and hopeful perspective on her past and future. While the wagon of her life will always bear the marks of her difficult journey, Eliza can learn to travel with a lighter load by letting go of unnecessary guilt and shame, and focusing on her strengths, resilience, and the opportunities that lie ahead. With the Jensens' ongoing love, guidance, and support, Eliza can begin to build a brighter future for herself, one step at a time.
Ultimately, Eliza's story highlights the importance of providing children from difficult backgrounds with a holistic, nurturing environment that tends to all aspects of their well-being. By surrounding them with a strong network of support, helping them to process and make meaning of their experiences, and empowering them to envision a brighter future, we can help these children to navigate the complex terrain of healing with greater resilience, hope, and self-compassion.
Eliza's feelings of regret likely stem from a combination of factors related to her traumatic past, including self-blame, guilt, shame, and a sense of lost opportunities. As a child who grew up in a series of turbulent foster homes, Eliza may feel a sense of responsibility or guilt for the traumatic events she experienced, even though the trauma was not her fault. She may also feel a profound sense of loss or grief for the childhood she feels she missed out on, and the relationships and opportunities that were disrupted by her traumatic experiences.
Eliza's tendency to withdraw into herself and resist the Jensens' efforts to connect with her can be seen as a manifestation of her regret and the protective mechanisms she has developed to cope with her traumatic past. By keeping her head down and avoiding attachments, Eliza may be attempting to shield herself from further hurt and disappointment. However, these coping strategies can also hinder her ability to process her emotions, form healthy relationships, and engage fully in the healing process.
Mrs. Jensen's compassionate response to Eliza's emotional outburst in the meadow illustrates the importance of providing a safe, supportive space for children to process their feelings of regret. By listening patiently, validating Eliza's emotions, and offering words of comfort and encouragement, Mrs. Jensen helps to create an environment where Eliza feels seen, heard, and understood. This type of attuned, nurturing care is essential for helping children like Eliza to gradually unpack the heavy burden of regret they carry in their wagon.
As Eliza begins to share her story and process her emotions with Mrs. Jensen's support, she may start to develop a more balanced and hopeful perspective on her past and future. While the wagon of her life will always bear the marks of her difficult journey, Eliza can learn to travel with a lighter load by letting go of unnecessary guilt and shame, and focusing on her strengths, resilience, and the opportunities that lie ahead. With the Jensens' ongoing love, guidance, and support, Eliza can begin to build a brighter future for herself, one step at a time.
Ultimately, Eliza's story highlights the importance of providing children from difficult backgrounds with a holistic, nurturing environment that tends to all aspects of their well-being. By surrounding them with a strong network of support, helping them to process and make meaning of their experiences, and empowering them to envision a brighter future, we can help these children to navigate the complex terrain of healing with greater resilience, hope, and self-compassion.
Supporting Research and Sources
- Cook, A., Spinazzola, J., Ford, J., Lanktree, C., Blaustein, M., Cloitre, M., ... & van der Kolk, B. (2017). Complex trauma in children and adolescents. Psychiatric Annals, 35(5), 390-398.
- Dyregrov, A., & Yule, W. (2006). A review of PTSD in children. Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 11(4), 176-184.
- Roese, N. J., & Summerville, A. (2005). What we regret most... and why. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 31(9), 1273-1285.
- Teicher, M. H., Samson, J. A., Anderson, C. M., & Ohashi, K. (2016). The effects of childhood maltreatment on brain structure, function and connectivity. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 17(10), 652-666.
- Zeelenberg, M., & Pieters, R. (2007). A theory of regret regulation 1.0. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 17(1), 3-18.