Covered wagon view of Oregon Trail, tiny wagon train dwarfed by vast prairie landscape with buttes/mesas on horizon.

The Heartbreak of Exclusion: How Being Left Out Scars Children

For children, the pain of exclusion can be particularly acute, as their social connections and sense of belonging are vital pillars in their emotional well-being and overall development. Tragically, for children who have endured trauma, the feeling of exclusion can trigger a heightened stress response in the brain, leading to a cascade of emotional and behavioral challenges that can have far-reaching consequences.

Exclusion: How Children's Brains React to Social Rejection

Golden evening light over rolling hills, winding creeks, towering buttes in vast western frontier with rippling prairie grass.
When a child feels excluded, they experience a sense of being left out, unwanted, or rejected by others. This feeling is closely connected to fear, as the child may worry about being alone, abandoned, or not fitting in with their peers. Exclusion can be particularly painful for children, as their social connections and sense of belonging are crucial to their emotional well-being and development.

In children who have experienced trauma, the feeling of exclusion can trigger a heightened stress response in the brain. The amygdala, which is responsible for processing emotions and detecting threats, may become hyperactive, leading to increased anxiety and fear. Additionally, the prefrontal cortex, which helps regulate emotions and behavior, may be less developed in children with trauma histories, making it more difficult for them to cope with and manage their feelings of exclusion. As a result, these children may manifest their distress through various behaviors, such as withdrawing from social situations, displaying aggression or anger, or seeking excessive reassurance from adults. They may also struggle with self-esteem, have difficulty trusting others, and develop a negative self-image, believing that they are unworthy of love and acceptance.

Healing the Pain of Social Exclusion: A Wagon Method Approach

Covered wagon view of Oregon Trail, tiny wagon train dwarfed by vast prairie landscape with buttes/mesas on horizon.
When a child from a difficult background seems to be Excluded, it can be a deeply painful and isolating experience that impacts their sense of safety, stability, belonging, and self-worth. Through the lens of the Wagon Method, we can understand the complex emotions and challenges the child may be facing, and the importance of providing them with compassionate, attuned support to help them navigate this difficult terrain.

The child's experience of Exclusion may feel like Rough Terrain, an emotional and mental challenge that makes their healing journey more arduous and painful. They may grapple with feelings of rejection, loneliness, and inadequacy, questioning their place in the world and their value as a person. This Rough Terrain can put a strain on their Wheels of Well-being, shaking their sense of safety, stability, and identity.

Exclusion can also feel like a Hostile Encounter, a negative experience that undermines the child's trust, self-esteem, and ability to form connections. It may trigger memories of past traumas or reinforce negative beliefs about themselves and others. The child may feel vulnerable, exposed, and unsure of how to protect themselves from further hurt.

In this difficult moment, the child needs their Advocates and Nurturing Network more than ever. They need caring adults who can provide emotional support, validation, and reassurance. They need help to process their feelings, challenge negative self-talk, and find healthy ways to cope. They need reminders that they are loved, valued, and worthy of belonging, even when they feel excluded.

The Advocates can also help the child build skills for navigating social challenges and building positive relationships. They may teach assertiveness, conflict resolution, or social skills, helping the child feel more equipped to handle difficult situations. They may also advocate for the child, working to create more inclusive, welcoming environments and addressing any bullying or discrimination.

The child's Grounded Experiences can provide important context for understanding their reaction to Exclusion. Past experiences of rejection, abandonment, or betrayal may make them more sensitive to perceived slights or quick to withdraw from others. Advocates can help the child process these experiences, build self-awareness, and develop a more balanced, adaptive perspective.

At the same time, it's crucial to help the child access positive Grounded Experiences that counteract the pain of Exclusion. This may involve facilitating connections with supportive peers, engaging them in activities where they feel competent and valued, or helping them remember times when they felt included and loved. By expanding their repository of positive experiences, we can help them build resilience and a more stable sense of self.

The journey of healing from Exclusion is not a straight path, but a winding trail with ups and downs. The child may need ongoing support, patience, and understanding as they work to regain their footing and continue their journey. But with the help of their Advocates and Nurturing Network, they can find their way back to a sense of safety, belonging, and hope.

Ultimately, the experience of Exclusion, while painful, can also be an opportunity for growth and resilience-building. By providing the right support and resources, we can help the child learn to navigate social challenges, assert their needs, and build healthy relationships. We can help them find their inner strength, their unique gifts, and their place in the world. And we can remind them that no matter what obstacles they face, they are never alone on their healing journey - they have a whole wagon train of support, cheering them on and walking alongside them every step of the way.

List of Services

Related Fearful

The Story of feeling Excluded

A Orphan's Journey: Finding Belonging on the Oregon Trail

Young girl in calico dress, huddled in wagon on Oregon Trail, eyes brimming with grief and loneliness amid vast landscape.
As the wagon train trudged along the dusty Oregon Trail, young Sarah sat silently in the back of her family's covered wagon. She gazed out at the vast, unfamiliar landscape, feeling a deep sense of loneliness and exclusion.

Sarah had been taken in by the Johnson family after her own parents had succumbed to cholera early on in the journey. The Johnsons were kind, but Sarah couldn't help but feel like an outsider among them. Their own children, Matthew and Elizabeth, had grown up together and shared a bond that Sarah could never quite penetrate.

As the days wore on, Sarah found herself increasingly isolated. When the wagon train made camp for the night, the other children would play games and tell stories around the campfire, but Sarah always felt like she was on the periphery, never quite belonging.

One evening, as the laughter and chatter of the other children drifted over to where Sarah sat alone, she couldn't hold back her tears any longer. She buried her face in her hands, her small shoulders shaking with silent sobs.

Suddenly, she felt a gentle hand on her shoulder. Looking up, she saw Mrs. Johnson gazing down at her with a look of concern. "What's wrong, dear?" she asked softly, sitting down beside Sarah.

At first, Sarah was reluctant to share her feelings, but Mrs. Johnson's kind, patient presence drew the words out of her. "I just feel so... so left out," Sarah confessed, her voice barely above a whisper. "Like I don't belong here, with all of you."

Mrs. Johnson was silent for a moment, considering Sarah's words. Then, she spoke gently, "Sarah, I know it's been hard for you, losing your parents and having to join a new family. But I want you to know that you do belong here, with us. We may not be the family you were born into, but we care for you just the same."

Sarah looked up at Mrs. Johnson, her eyes wide with a mixture of hope and uncertainty. "Really?" she asked.

"Really," Mrs. Johnson confirmed, drawing Sarah into a warm embrace. "You're a part of our family now, Sarah, and that means you'll never be alone."

As Mrs. Johnson held her close, Sarah felt a glimmer of hope begin to chase away the shadows of exclusion that had haunted her for so long. She knew that the road ahead would still be difficult, but for the first time since her parents had passed, she felt like she truly belonged somewhere.

Over the following weeks, Mrs. Johnson made a special effort to include Sarah in the family's activities. She taught Sarah how to knead dough for bread, showed her how to stitch a quilt, and encouraged Matthew and Elizabeth to include Sarah in their games.

Slowly but surely, Sarah began to feel less like an outsider and more like a true member of the Johnson family. The pain of her past would never fully fade, but with the love and acceptance of her new family, Sarah found the strength to look forward to a brighter future on the western frontier.

The Story Explained Through the Wagon Method

Navigating the Oregon Trail with Nurturing Networks

Bright wildflower sways in prairie breeze, petals vibrant against muted frontier, embodying resilience and prairie beauty.
In this story, Sarah, a young child who has experienced significant loss and trauma, is grappling with the painful experience of exclusion as she joins a new family on the Oregon Trail. Through the lens of the Wagon Method, we can understand the complex emotions and challenges Sarah may be facing, and the importance of providing her with compassionate, attuned support to help her navigate this difficult terrain.

Sarah's experience of exclusion likely feels like Rough Terrain, an emotional and mental challenge that makes her healing journey more arduous and painful. She may be struggling with intense feelings of loneliness, rejection, and inadequacy, questioning her place in the world and her value as a person. This Rough Terrain can put a significant strain on Sarah's Wheels of Well-being, shaking her sense of safety, stability, love and acceptance, and identity and value.

The loss of her parents and the subsequent exclusion from her new family may also feel like a series of Hostile Encounters, negative experiences that undermine Sarah's trust, self-esteem, and ability to form connections. These experiences may trigger painful memories of her past trauma and reinforce negative beliefs about herself and her relationships. Sarah may feel vulnerable, exposed, and unsure of how to protect herself from further hurt.

In this challenging moment, Sarah desperately needs her Advocates and Nurturing Network. Mrs. Johnson's kind, patient presence and willingness to sit with Sarah in her pain is a powerful example of the attuned, responsive care that is so essential for helping children navigate the Rough Terrain of exclusion. By validating Sarah's feelings, offering reassurance of her belonging, and advocating for her needs within the family, Mrs. Johnson helps to create a safe, supportive environment where Sarah can begin to process her emotions and experiences.

Over time, Mrs. Johnson's consistent efforts to include Sarah in family activities and nurture her unique strengths and interests may help to counteract the negative impact of exclusion on Sarah's Wheels of Well-being. These positive, inclusive experiences become an important part of Sarah's Grounded Experiences, providing a counterbalance to the painful memories of rejection and loss, and helping to build her resilience and sense of self-worth.

Sarah's experience of exclusion, while undeniably painful, can also be an opportunity for growth and healing. By providing Sarah with the support, validation, and sense of belonging she needs, Mrs. Johnson and the other members of Sarah's Nurturing Network can help her to develop the skills and resilience needed to cope with social challenges and build healthy relationships. They can help Sarah to find her inner strength, her unique gifts, and her place in the world.

Ultimately, Sarah's journey of healing from exclusion is likely to be a winding trail with many ups and downs. She may need ongoing support, patience, and understanding as she works to regain her footing and continue moving forward. But with the help of her Advocates and Nurturing Network, Sarah can find her way back to a sense of safety, belonging, and hope.

The Wagon Method reminds us that, while the pain of exclusion can feel overwhelming and isolating, no child is ever truly alone on their healing journey. By coming together as a supportive, nurturing community, we can help children like Sarah to navigate the challenges of exclusion and emerge stronger, more resilient, and more connected to themselves and others. We can help them to find their place in the world and to continue moving forward on their path with courage, hope, and the knowledge that they are deeply loved and valued, no matter what obstacles they may face along the way.

Supporting Research and Sources


  • Barner, D., & Muentener, P. (2020). The power of social exclusion in childhood. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 24(1), 1-3.

  • Newman, B. M., Schwarz, N., & Tan, J. S. (2021). Social connection and well-being in adolescence: A systematic review. Journal of Happiness Studies, 22(5), 2201-2229.

  • McLaughlin, K. A., Weissman, D., & Bitrán, D. (2019). Childhood adversity and neural development: A systematic review. Annual Review of Developmental Psychology, 1, 277-312.

  • Eisenberger, N. I. (2012). The pain of social disconnection: Examining the shared neural underpinnings of physical and social pain. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 13(6), 421-434.

  • Eck, J., Schoel, C., & Greifeneder, R. (2016). Coping with or buffering against the negative impact of social exclusion on basic needs: A review of strategies. In P. Riva & J. Eck (Eds.), Social exclusion: Psychological approaches to understanding and reducing its impact (pp. 227-249). Springer International Publishing.

  • Sanders, J., Munford, R., Thimasarn-Anwar, T., Liebenberg, L., & Ungar, M. (2015). The role of positive youth development practices in building resilience and enhancing wellbeing for at-risk youth. Child Abuse & Neglect, 42, 40-53.

  • Oberle, E., Domitrovich, C. E., Meyers, D. C., & Weissberg, R. P. (2016). Establishing systemic social and emotional learning approaches in schools: A framework for schoolwide implementation. Cambridge Journal of Education, 46(3), 277-297.

  • Cutuli, J. J., & Herbers, J. E. (2018). Resilience in the context of development: Introduction to the special issue. The Journal of Early Adolescence, 38(9), 1205-1214.